A condition that affects the airways
As children, one of my siblings and I had eczema, which presented as constant, severely itchyz rashes in the fold of my arms and the back of my knees. Two of our other siblings had asthma. This combination is common in many families because they are genetic conditions that tend to occur together. It is the reason I have written about them in this article.
UNDERSTANDING ASTHMA
Asthma is a condition that affects the airways, making it difficult to breathe. It is characterized by swelling of the airways, which causes them to narrow and increased mucus production, which makes the airways even narrower. When the narrowing happens, a person with asthma will breathe in but find it extremely difficult to breathe out because air gets trapped in the lungs and they must use more energy than normal to push it out. It is this struggle to push air out that makes a high-pitched sound that is the characteristic wheezing that people with asthma have. The severity of asthma can vary from person to person and it can range from mild to severe.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
1. Mild Asthma
- Occasional coughing, especially at night or in the early morning.
- Mild wheezing or shortness of breath, particularly during physical activity.
- Mild symptoms can often be managed with proper care and lifestyle change
2. Moderate Asthma
- More frequent episodes of coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.
- Symptoms may interfere with daily activities and sleep.
- The use of inhalers or medications may be necessary to manage symptoms effectively.
3. Severe Asthma
- Frequent and severe episodes of coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.
- Symptoms persist even with medication
- Requires immediate medical attention and a comprehensive treatment plan.
Causes and Risk Factors of Asthma
The exact cause of asthma is not fully understood but a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. Common risk factors include:
- Family history of asthma or allergies.
- Exposure to tobacco smoke, air pollution, or occupational triggers.
- Respiratory infections during childhood.
- Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treating asthma involves a combination of medication and lifestyle modifications. Here are some common treatment options: Inhalers: Inhalers are the primary treatment for managing asthma symptoms. They deliver medication directly to the airways, reducing inflammation and opening up the air passages.
Controller Medications: These medications are taken regularly to prevent asthma symptoms and control inflammation in the airways. The most common are steroids. It is important to remember though that one should take steroids only when prescribed by a doctor and only for the duration that it is prescribed because steroids have severe side effects that can be life-threatening.
Quick-Relief Medications: These medications are used during asthma attacks to provide immediate relief. Short-acting beta-agonists are commonly used for quick symptom relief. Allergy Management: Identifying and avoiding triggers that worsen asthma symptoms, such as allergens (dust mites, pollen, pet dander), cold air, or exercise-induced triggers.
UNDERSTANDING ECZEMA
Eczema, also known as ‘atopic dermatitis’, is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, itchy and inflamed patches of skin. It affects people of all ages but often begins in childhood. While most children outgrow it by the time they are teenagers, in some, it may persist while in others, it may appear for the first time in adulthood. It is not contagious and can be managed effectively with the right treatment.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
1. Mild Eczema
- Dry, itchy skin with occasional patches of redness.
- Infrequent flare-ups that can be managed with moisturizers and self-car
2. Moderate Eczema
- More frequent and intense itching and redness.
- Skin becomes dry, and scaly, and may crack or bleed.
- Topical medications or creams may be needed to control symptoms effectively.
3. Severe Eczema
- Persistent, severe itching and redness.
- Skin becomes extremely dry, thickened, and may develop painful cracks.
- Requires medical intervention and stronger medications.
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS
The exact cause of eczema is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Common risk factors include:
- Family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies.
- Allergic reactions to certain foods, environmental triggers, or irritants.
- Dry skin and impaired skin barrier function.
- Stress and emotional factors.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
- Moisturizers: Regular use of emollients to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness.
- Prescription steroid creams or ointments to reduce inflammation during flare-up
- Antihistamines: Oral medications to relieve itching and aid sleep during flare-ups.
- Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding irritants or allergens that exacerbate eczema symptoms, such as certain fabrics, soaps, and detergents.
Note
Asthma and eczema are common conditions that can significantly impact an individual’s well-being. Recognizing the signs, symptoms, causes, risk factors and available treatments is crucial for effective management. By understanding the different stages of asthma and eczema, individuals can seek appropriate medical care and take necessary steps to control their symptoms. It is important to consult with healthcare professionals for a personalized treatment plan that includes: medication, lifestyle modifications and allergy management.
With proper management, individuals can lead a better quality of life and minimize the impact of these conditions on their daily activities. Remember, early diagnosis, proactive management and regular follow-up are key to effectively managing asthma and eczema.
“Inhalers are the primary treatment for managing asthma symptoms. They deliver medication directly to the airways, reducing inflammation and opening up the air passages.”
